Volume 23: Pages 584-587, 2010

The Hubble–Humason effect and general relativity need no cosmological expansion

Robert B. Driscoll ¹

¹Institute for Basic Research, P.O. Box 1579, Palm Harbor, FL 34682, USA; permanent address: P.O. Box 637, Oakland, CA 94604, USA

The theories of general relativity and neo-Ritzian theory are equivalently adequate in explaining the cosmological redshift (after deduction of the effect of local velocities and gravitational potentials by neo-Ritzian theory or general relativity). The velocity-quantizing force (neo-Ritzian theory) of the intergalactic ionized plasma, the latter having mass currents due to several causes, exerts a mean retarding force on each photon that is proportional to its frequency. Thus the ratio n_observer/n_source is exp(−Kx); x is the distance from source to observer. The neo-Ritzian universe is infinite and large-scale uniform. Detonating hypermassive black holes may be potential subuniverses to which canonical theory, including “many universes,” may be relevant.

Keywords: Cosmological Redshift, Hubble, Hubble–Humason, Tired Light Theories, Black Holes

Received: August 19, 2009; Accepted: August 20, 2010; Published Online: October 6, 2010